Making Pictures of your Research Results


Graphics

  1. Graphics types
  2. Creating Graphics Images with Showcase or InsightII
  3. Michael Seewald's notes about coloring residues according to a property that has been saved in a simple UNIX text file.
  4. Converting graphics file formats
  5. printing B&W, color, overheads
  6. making slides & photos
  7. making VCR tapes
  8. The StereoView Room, Chemistry A400.
  9. University Computing Services
  10. Center for Innovative Computing Applications (CICA), including Adobe Photoshop
  11. Instructional Support Services (ISS)

Converting Graphics File Formats

The following is taken from notes compiled by Jack Duan, Biochemistry Computing System Administrator.

It is always a good idea to choose a graphics format that is multi-Operating System supported if you want to transfer these files across platforms. to convert a file from one format to another, first make sure that the program you use supports both file formats. Then, open the file under that program. After that, save a copy of the file under a different file format (usually there is a command such as "Save as..."). Here are some suggestions on selecting the best graphics formats:

Category I: Pixel-based graphics formats:

These formats are very portable (can be transferred between different computer operating systems), preserving the best image quality. Lines, polygons, characters, fonts are all pixel-based, so that they cannot be edited separately from the rest of the picture.
GIF (*.gif files)
The most supported 256-color graphics format. It can be viewed using XV on the SGI's or using GIF Converter on the Mac's. Its file size is small. Most people like to use this format for WorldWideWeb pages.
TIFF (*.tif files)
It has very good image quality, supports 24-bit color. It is supported using GIF Converter, Canvas, or PhotoShop, etc., on the Mac, and it is also supported using Showcase or XV on the SGI. The image size is relatively large since it contains 24-bit color information.
EPS (*.eps files)
It is one of the best formats for graphics. The disk space requirement for this format is huge; sometimes it is 300-400% larger than a comparable sized TIFF file. Many graphics professionals like to use this format to retain all the information for the picture.
JPEG(*.jpeg or *.jpg files)
One of the most compact 24-bit color formats. It is supported on the SGI's using XV and on the Macs using JPEG View or GIF-Converter. It is very good for live-color pictures. It uses loosy compression method which sometimes reduces a multi- megabyte image file to a less-than-200 kilobyte JPEG file. It is another widely used image format for WWW pages.

Category II: Vector-based graphics formats

As opposed to pixel-based graphics formats, vector-based pictures have different layers, fonts, lines, polygons, etc. as separate objects. Users can easily move or edit these objects within the picture. There are a lot of proprietary formats used by different drawing packages, and they are normally very limited-supported. Adobe Illustrator, Canvas, MacDraw Pro all have their own vector-based formats; unfortunately, they are not easily exchangeable.
PICT (*.pic files)
Supported by MacDraw and Canvas on Macs. It is also supported by Showcase on the SGIs. Vector-based PICT files are sometimes confused with pixel-based PIC files, but they are different.

Category III: Special language formats

Postscript (*.ps files)
This is a format based upon a universal printer language. All printers which support postscript can print this format without much trouble. Please do not choose this format if you want to edit your graphics file later because they cannot be edited using any of the graphics packages. However, you can view postscript files using xpsview or XV (version 3.1a) on the SGIs.
Encapsulated Postscript
Encapsulated postscript files are pstscript files with some "header" info (lines at the beginning of the file) which describe the dimensions, scale, origin, orientation, etc., of the postscript plot. Almost all Mac and PC programs iwhich embed postscript objects into other applications (e.g, Microsoft Word) require encapsulated postscript files. You can edit a psotscript file and add the header info to make an encapsulated postscript. You can edit an encapsulated postscript file to generate a new plot with a different scale, orientation, etc. Use xv or xpsview to preview the encapsulated postscript file after making changes. (To use xv, type xv filename. After the image appears, click the RIGHT mouse button on the image to display the xv toolbox.) See the encapsulated postscript example for a description of this header.

Category IV: Movie formats

MPEG: (*.mpg)
A movie (animation) file. Most MPEGprograms don't support sound. On a Mac, use the utility Sparkle; use 16-bit or 24-bit color for best results. On a 24-bit color SGI (our Indys are only 8-bit color), use mpeg_play to view *.mpg files: mpeg_play -dither color filename.mpg.
AVI
Supported by Microsoft, mainly made for Windows on PCs. Can be played on an SGI using xanim. AVI supports sounds, but our version of xanim does not support sounds.
QuickTime Movies
Supported by Apple for the Mac, can be played using MoviePlayer or Sparkle on a Mac (16-bit color for optimal performance). xanim on the SGIs will also play these files (without sound).
SGI Movie
SGI Movies use a proprietary SGI video compression method named MVC (motion video compression). MVC2 provides higher compression ratios than MVC1.
Some Hints: These programs support the following kinds of graphics formats:
XV (SGI and most UNIX workstations)
JPEG, GIF, TIFF, BMP, PICT, postscript, Raw, and SGI
Showcase (SGI)
EPS, SGI, PICT, RTF
ImageWorks (SGI)
TIFF, SGI, GIF, JPEG, FIT, PhotoCD
PhotoShop (Mac, supported by UCS at Student Building and Fine Arts)
JPEG, GIF, EPS, BMP
PICT (pixel-based)
Raw, PhotoShop native formats.
Canvas (Mac)
MacDraw, PICT, TIFF, MacPaint
GIF Converter (Mac)
JPEG, GIF, BMP, MacPaint, PICT (pixel-based)
JPEG View (Mac)
JPEG, GIF, MacPaint, PICT (pixel-based)


at, batch - execute commands at a later time

at [ -qqueue ] time [ date ] [ +increment ]
at -r job...
at -l [ job ... ]
batch

at and batch read commands from standard input to be executed at a later time. at allows you to specify when the commands should be executed, while jobs queued with batch will execute when system load level permits. at may be used with the following options: -r Removes jobs previously scheduled with at.
-l Reports all jobs scheduled for the invoking user.
-q Put job onto specified queue.

Description

Standard output and standard error output are mailed to the user unless they are redirected elsewhere. The shell environment variables, current directory, umask, and ulimit are retained when the commands are executed. Open file descriptors, traps, and priority are lost.

batch submits a batch job. It is almost equivalent to ``at now'', but not quite. For one, it goes into a different queue. For another, ``at now'' will respond with the error message too late.

at removes jobs previously scheduled by at or batch. The job number is the number given to you previously by the at or batch command. You can also get job numbers by typing at -l. You can only remove your own jobs unless you are the super-user.


Examples

This sequence can be used at a terminal:
batch
sort filename >outfile
<control-D> (hold down 'control' and depress 'D')

This sequence, which demonstrates redirecting standard error to a pipe, is useful in a shell procedure (the sequence of output redirection specifications is significant):
batch <<!
sort filename 2>&1 >outfile | mail loginid
!

To have a job reschedule itself, invoke at from within the shell procedure, by including code similar to the following within the shell file:
echo "sh shellfile" | at 1900 thursday next week
or, from a terminal
at 1900 thursday next week
sh shellfile
<control-D> (hold down 'control' and depress 'D')


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Last updated: 01/23/2001